Colorectal cancer, which includes colon cancer and rectal cancer, is the third most common cancer worldwide, accounting for around 10% of all cancer cases. According to the World Health Organization, it is also the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths globally. While it predominantly affects individuals aged 45 and above, cases among adults aged 30–45 are increasing in many regions.
What Is Colorectal Cancer?
Colorectal cancer develops in the colon or rectum, usually starting as precancerous polyps. Over time, some polyps can transform into malignant tumors. Screening tests can detect and remove these polyps before cancer develops.
Early Signs and Symptoms
Many patients have no symptoms in early stages. When symptoms appear, they may include:
- Persistent changes in bowel habits (diarrhea or constipation)
- Blood in the stool or rectal bleeding
- Abdominal pain, cramping, or bloating
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue or iron-deficiency anemia
- Any of these warning signs should prompt medical evaluation.
Risk Factors You Can Control
Lifestyle plays a significant role in colorectal cancer risk. Key modifiable factors include:
- High consumption of processed or red meat
- Low intake of fibre, fruits, and vegetables
- Physical inactivity
- Obesity
- Smoking
- Heavy alcohol consumption
Adopting a high-fiber diet, maintaining a healthy weight, exercising regularly, and limiting alcohol can significantly reduce risk.
Screening Saves Lives
Updated screening guidelines recommend that average-risk adults begin colorectal cancer screening at age 45. Common screening methods include:
- Colonoscopy (gold standard)
- Stool-based tests (FIT or stool DNA tests)
- CT colonography
Colonoscopy not only detects cancer early but also removes precancerous polyps during the procedure.
At Bumrungrad International Hospital’s Digestive Disease (GI) Center, comprehensive colorectal cancer screening programs use advanced endoscopic technology and personalised risk assessment to ensure early detection and prevention.
Provide by the Digestive Disease (GI)Centerat Bumrungrad International Hospital
