High blood pressure, also called hypertension, happens when the force of blood against artery walls stays too high over time. This extra pressure makes the heart work harder and can gradually injure blood vessels throughout the body. Because hypertension usually causes no obvious symptoms, regular blood pressure checks are one of the most important tools for early detection.
Why is hypertension called the silent killer?
Hypertension earns this name because many people have it without headaches, dizziness, or other clear warning signs. Even when a person feels normal, uncontrolled blood pressure can still damage the heart, brain, kidneys, eyes, and blood vessels. Over time, it may increase the risk of heart attack, stroke, heart failure, kidney disease, cognitive decline, and metabolic syndrome.
Common causes and risk factors
In many adults, high blood pressure develops gradually. Risk tends to rise with:
- Older age
- Family history
- Overweight or obesity
- Physical inactivity
- High-sodium diet
- Smoking
- Excess alcohol use
- Stress
- Diabetes, kidney disease, or high cholesterol
Symptoms and warning signs
Most people with hypertension have no symptoms at all. However, dangerously high blood pressure can become a medical emergency. A reading of 180/120 mm Hg or higher may require urgent care, especially if it comes with symptoms such as:
- Chest pain
- Severe headache
- Blurred vision
- Shortness of breath
- Confusion
- Dizziness
- Nausea or vomiting
How high blood pressure is diagnosed and managed
Diagnosis starts with accurate blood pressure measurement using a properly fitted cuff, along with a medical history and physical examination. Because a single reading may not tell the whole story, repeated checks are often important. Treatment may include:
- Weight control
- Regular exercise
- A heart-healthy eating plan
- Reducing sodium
- Limiting alcohol
- Stopping smoking
- Medication when needed
At Heart Institute at Bumrungrad International Hospital, people concerned about hypertension can receive comprehensive evaluation, blood pressure monitoring, cardiovascular risk assessment, and ongoing care tailored to their individual needs.
Provided by the Heart Institute at Bumrungrad International Hospital
