Bumrungrad Health Briefs #38: Understanding Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

20 September, 2024
Posted by: EuroCham Cambodia

Understanding Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD)

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of vision loss in individuals over 60. This condition affects the macula, a specialized area of the retina responsible for detailed central vision. Understanding the risk factors, symptoms, prevention methods, and treatment options is crucial for managing AMD effectively.

Risk Factors and Symptoms

Age is the most significant risk factor for AMD, with likelihood rising substantially after age 60. Other risk factors include smoking, obesity, hypertension, high cholesterol, and a family history of AMD. Women and people of Caucasian descent are also at higher risk. Symptoms include blurred or reduced central vision, difficulty recognizing faces, and seeing straight lines as wavy.

Types of AMD

There are two types of AMD: dry and wet.

- Dry AMD is the most common form, occurring when the macula thins over time, gradually blurring central vision.

- Wet AMD is more severe and occurs when abnormal blood vessels grow under the retina and leak fluid or blood, leading to rapid vision loss.

Prevention and Early Detection

While preventing AMD entirely may not be possible, lifestyle changes can reduce risks. Quitting smoking, maintaining a healthy diet rich in leafy greens, nuts, and seeds, regular exercise, and protecting eyes from UV light are effective measures. Regular eye exams are crucial for early detection, which can significantly improve management and outcomes.

Treatment Options

For wet AMD, anti-VEGF injections are the most effective treatment, reducing abnormal blood vessel growth and slowing vision loss. Laser therapy and photodynamic therapy can also help in specific cases. For dry AMD, high-dose vitamins and minerals (AREDS2 formula) have shown to slow progression in some patients.

Benefits of Early Detection

Early detection and intervention are critical in managing AMD. Regular check-ups at specialized facilities like the Bumrungrad Eye Center can help detect AMD early, allowing for timely treatment and better outcomes. By prioritizing eye health and seeking regular professional evaluations, individuals can better manage their risk and maintain their vision quality as they age.

Visit the Bumrungrad Eye Center for expert care and the latest treatments for AMD and other eye conditions.

Provided by Dr. Maytinee Sirimaharaj|Bumrungrad International Hospital