Bumrungrad Health Briefs #39: Battling Breast Cancer: Understanding Risks and Prioritizing Early Detection
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Battling Breast Cancer: Understanding Risks and Prioritizing Early Detection
In 2022, approximately 2.3 million women were diagnosed with breast cancer, resulting in around 670,000 deaths globally. This disease not only stands as the most prevalent cancer among women, topping the list in 157 out of 185 countries surveyed, but it also manifests in men, accounting for about 0.5–1% of all cases. This highlights its widespread impact across genders.
Controllable Risks
Individuals can mitigate their risk of developing breast cancer through lifestyle modifications such as maintaining a healthy weight, eating a balanced diet, limiting alcohol consumption, and staying active. Additionally, the extended use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for menopausal symptoms has been linked to increased health risks if used for more than a year. It is crucial to consult healthcare providers to weigh the risks and benefits of HRT and make informed decisions.
Non-controllable Risks
Certain risk factors, such as gender and age, are inherent and unchangeable. The disease predominantly affects women over the age of 50, although incidence rates among younger women can vary globally. Genetic predispositions, including mutations in genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2, significantly influence risk and necessitate more rigorous screening.
Detection and Screening
Early-stage breast cancer often presents without symptoms, making regular screenings essential for early detection. Technologies such as mammograms and breast ultrasounds are crucial, capable of detecting abnormalities well before they become palpable. Medical guidelines recommend that women begin breast cancer screening at age 40, with annual or biennial mammograms depending on individual risk factors. Facilities like Bumrungrad International Hospital use advanced digital mammography to enhance detection rates, which is vital for effective early diagnosis and treatment.
Challenges and Future Directions
Routine screening programs are vital but not fail-proof. Some breast cancers are highly aggressive and may develop between screenings or go undetected. The shift towards personalized medicine is likely to influence future screening protocols, allowing for more frequent and tailored screening schedules based on individual risk profiles.
Breast Cancer in Men
Although rare, breast cancer in men often results in worse outcomes due to delayed diagnosis, as it's widely seen as a female disease. This misconception impedes early detection. Recognizing risks, advocating for screenings, and leading healthy lifestyles can mitigate its global impact and enhance early detection.
Provided by Dr. Thiraphop Waipradab, Breast Center at Bumrungrad International Hospital
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