News

• 10 October, 2025
• Posted by: Bumrungrad International Hospital

What Is Diabetes? 

Diabetes mellitus is a condition in which blood sugar (glucose) levels are too high because the body either doesn’t produce enough insulin, doesn’t use insulin properly, or both. There are several types: 

• Type 1 – autoimmune destruction of insulin-producing cells 
• Type 2 – insulin resistance with reduced insulin production 
• Prediabetes – higher than normal glucose, but not yet full diabetes 
• Gestational diabetes – occurs during pregnancy 

 

Symptoms 

Symptoms can vary by type and how far the disease has progressed. Common signs include: 

• Increased thirst and frequent urination 

• Feeling hungrier than usual 

• Unexplained weight loss 

• Fatigue and low energy 

• Blurred vision 

• Slow healing of cuts or sores 

• Frequent infections 

• Tingling or numbness in hands or feet 

In gestational diabetes, symptoms may be mild or absent, so screening during pregnancy is essential. 

 

Treatment 

Managing diabetes involves a combination of medical and lifestyle approaches. 

1. Lifestyle changes 

• Balanced diet with whole grains, vegetables, fruits, and lean proteins 

• Regular physical activity 

• Weight control 

2. Medication 

• Oral medications, such as metformin, for Type 2 diabetes 

• Insulin therapy, required in Type 1 and sometimes in Type 2 or gestational diabetes 

3. Monitoring and care 

• Regular blood sugar checks 

• Routine exams for eyes, kidneys, nerves, and heart 

• Guidance from diabetes educators and dietitians 

4. Special care in pregnancy 

• Gestational diabetes may require insulin and close monitoring 

 

Prevention 

While Type 1 diabetes cannot be prevented, Type 2 and prediabetes can often be delayed or avoided with lifestyle changes: 

• Maintain a healthy weight 

• Eat a high-fiber, balanced diet 

• Exercise regularly 

• Avoid smoking 

• Get regular screenings if you have risk factors 

 

Complications If Untreated 

Uncontrolled diabetes may lead to: 

• Heart disease and stroke 

• Kidney damage 

• Vision loss 

• Nerve damage 

• Poor wound healing and increased infections 

• Pregnancy complications in gestational diabetes 

 

Diabetes Care at Bumrungrad International Hospital 

The Endocrinology, Diabetes & Clinical Nutrition Center at Bumrungrad provides expert care for all types of diabetes. With advanced diagnostics, personalised treatment plans, and guidance from specialists, patients receive comprehensive support to manage blood sugar, prevent complications, and improve long-term health. 

 

Book a consultation >>  

 

Provide by the Endocrinology, Diabetes & Clinical Nutrition Centre at Bumrungrad International Hospital